Posture of a person is determined by the position of the pelvis, the bends of the spinal column and the position of the head with respect to the body. The posture of each person is variable: it can be free with complete relaxation of the muscles and tense.
Between the two extreme positions , a large number of options are possible depending on the situation (for example, one or another working position). Habitual posture is taken automatically by a person without much muscle activity. The tense position is achieved due to the active work of the muscles and is accompanied by the maximum possible lengthening of the body.
The boundaries of both extreme positions are within the functional capabilities of the body, which are achieved as a result of passive and active actions of the supporting apparatus. Under the passive supporting apparatus should be understood as the bone skeleton and ligamentous apparatus. Shrinkable muscles are an active supporting device. Hereditary factors, constitution and age affect the condition and capabilities of passive and active supporting apparatuses and determine posture.
A hereditary predisposition can cause congenital malformations of the spine, such as vertebral dysplasia. The ability of the spine to withstand loads may be subject to endocrine influences. The Constitution exerts its influence on posture, not least due to the distribution of gravity. Posture according to the Sheda is the expression and scale of the struggle between gravity and the direct position of the body.
At each age, the spinal column has a typical shape and can withstand a certain load. The spinal column of the newborn is almost straight. Physiological bends appear when you first try to stand up and walk on your own. That is why a small child begins to stand on legs bent at the knee and hip joints. The proportions of the body change with age. The tendency to stoop should be considered in conjunction with the phases of the development of the body.
In early childhood, the child learns to walk in an upright position, the posture is tense, a physiological X-shaped curvature of the legs is formed.
5-7th years of life: the proportions of the body change, physiological curves of the spine are formed, intense and relaxed posture is observed, the front edge of the pelvis rises.
Clinic for Posture Disorders
characterized by severe cervical and lumbar lordosis and enhanced kyphosis. Due to muscle tension in this pathology, pain in the back can occur. The ability to withstand loads from the spinal column is reduced.
Treatment is carried out conservatively: special gymnastic exercises, therapeutic swimming; corrective gypsum beds are used, vitamins and solar radiation are prescribed. Only in some cases, a cruciate bandage or corsets are used to correct excessive bending of the spine. The aforementioned remedies cannot fix the pronounced defects; they are used to strengthen the spinal column and reduce pain, that is, their effect is considered only as symptomatic. If the development of hyperlordosis is a consequence of another disease, then therapeutic measures should be aimed at eliminating the latter.
Kyphosis
Uniform curvature of the spine in the thoracic bulge posteriorly.
Etiology of kyphosis
The causes of this anomaly can be a posteriorly inclined pelvis or a congenital malformation of the V lumbar vertebra. Kyphosis can also be a consequence of rickets, Scheuermann’s disease, or general insufficiency of the development of supporting tissues.
Clinic kyphosis
Deformation of the chest, cervical and lumbar lordosis are flattened, head and shoulders are lowered anteriorly, stomach is protruding forward. As a result of muscle overstrain, back pain can occur. Degenerative changes in the thoracic and lumbar spine can be very pronounced.
Kyphosis treatment
Treatment is mainly carried out conservatively. In combination with medical gymnastics, orthopedic corsets can be used if other methods fail to achieve improvement or deterioration is noted.
Flat back
The physiological bends of the spine are flattened.
Etiology of a flat foot
The reasons for the development of this pathology can be a high standing of the anterior edge of the pelvis, an abnormality of the development of the V lumbar vertebra or rickets.
Flat Foot Clinic
characterized by a flattening of the bends of the thoracic and lumbar spine, the head is kept straight or slightly tilted. With this form of the spine, the active supporting apparatus experiences increased, and the back muscles – insufficient loads. Back pain may occur.
Flat foot treatment
Therapeutic gymnastics, which strengthens the muscles of the body, is mainly carried out. Swimming is also beneficial. Sleeping is recommended on a hard and flat bed.